https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:1685 Seascape genomics and mitogenomic phylogeography of the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) Ferrette, Bruno Lopes da Silva Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette 0000-0002-3108-9867 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics / Santa Cecília University Janke, Axel Axel Janke 0000-0002-9394-1904 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics / Goethe University Mendonça, Fernando Fernandes Fernando Fernandes Mendonça 0000-0002-4806-9897 Universidade Federal de São Paulo Mourato, Bruno Leite Bruno Leite Mourato 0000-0001-8405-3983 Universidade Federal de São Paulo Arocha, Freddy Freddy Arocha 0000-0002-5814-0626 Universidad de Oriente Rotundo, Matheus Marcos Matheus Marcos Rotundo 0000-0003-1886-5320 Universidade Santa Cecília Rosa, Daniela Daniela Rosa 0000-0001-7156-7408 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera / Universidade do Algarve Coelho, Rui Rui Coelho 0000-0003-3813-5157 Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera / Universidade do Algarve Williams, Samuel Mackey Samuel Mackey Williams 0000-0002-2251-2774 The University of Queensland De Jong, Menno J. Menno J. De Jong 0000-0003-2131-9048 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Winter, Sven Sven Winter 0000-0002-1890-0977 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Coimbra, Raphael T. F. Raphael T. F. Coimbra 0000-0002-6075-7203 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / Goethe University Oxford University Press text eng Permeable phylogeographic barriers characterize the vast open ocean, boosting gene flow and counteracting population differentiation and speciation of widely distributed and migratory species. However, many widely distributed species consists of distinct populations throughout their distribution, evidencing that our understanding of how the marine environment triggers population and species divergence are insufficient. The sailfish is a circumtropical and highly migratory billfish that inhabits warm and productive areas. Despite its ecological and socioeconomic importance as a predator and fishery resource, the species is threatened by overfishing, requiring innovative approaches to improve their management and conservation status. Thus, we presented a novel high-quality reference genome for the species and applied a seascape genomics approach to understand how marine environmental features may promote local adaptation and how it affects gene flow between populations. We delimit two populations between the Atlantic and Indo-Western Pacific oceans and detect outlier loci correlated with sea surface temperature, salinity, oxygen, and chlorophyll concentrations. However, the most significant explanatory factor that explains the differences between populations was isolation by distance. Despite recent population drops, the sailfish populations are not inbred. For billfishes in general, genome-wide heterozygosity was found to be relatively low compared to other marine fishes, evidencing the need to counteract overfishing effects. In addition, in a climate change scenario, management agencies must implement state-of-the-art sequencing methods, consider our findings in their management plans, and monitor genome-wide heterozygosity over time to improve sustainable fisheries and the long-term viability of its populations. Population-Structure; Genetic Diversity; Marine Fish; Fisheries; Evolution; Accurate; Speciation; Discovery; Framework; Inference http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/api/object/o:1685/download 10.1093/gbe/evad042 https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:605 application/pdf Genome Biology and Evolution 15(4) (2023) Genome Biology and Evolution 15 4 7.44 MB 2023